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Description :
Diamond, self-possessed of carbon, is the hardest
natural substance in the world. Each carbon atom is enclosed by four adjacent
carbon atoms in a tetrahedral coordination that is the outcome of a covalent
bond and a face-centered display in the cubic unit cell. Diamond is in the
isometric precious stone system, which is being a sign of in the universally
established as an octahedral or cubic crystal form
Where do they form?
Diamonds are formed say about 100 miles down in the
earth’s mantle at a very high temperatures and pressure. They come to the earth
surface only when volcanic eruptions occur. When come to the surface of the
earth they are like pieces of mantle rocks known as xenoliths. There are
manufactured by mining the rock which comprises of xenoliths.
Physical Properties :
Diamond is one of the transparent crystal. It bonded
carbon atoms that crystallizes into the diamond lattice which is a variation of
the face centered cubic structure. Diamond is the hardest natural material
known, where hardness is defined as resistance to scratching and is graded
between softest (1) and hardest (10) using the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.
Diamond has a hardness of 10 (hardest) on this scale. Diamond's hardness has
been known since antiquity, and is the source of its name. Other specialized
applications also exist or are being developed, including use as
semiconductors: some blue diamonds are natural semiconductors, in contrast to
most other diamonds, which are excellent electrical insulators. The
conductivity and blue color originate from the boron impurity. Boron
substitutes for carbon atoms in the diamond lattice, donating a hole into the
valence ban.
HOW TO MEASURE A DAIMOND:
When you buy a diamond ring, necklace, pendant,
erring, or anything else the most important thing you must take into
consideration is carat weight. Whenever you come across a diamond thing the
first thing which you look upon is the stone embedded in it. Diamonds are sold
based on the weight in units not based on the size of it.
The most common method used to measure a diamond is
the 4C’s method which stands for CUT, CLARITY, CARAT, and COLOR.
Diamond color: level to which a diamond is colorless.
Diamond Clarity: occurrence of inclusion in a diamond
Diamond Carat:Weight of a diamond.
Diamond Cut:perspective and magnitude of a diamond
Natural Occurrence :
South Africa(49%)
Brazil.
Borneo.
India
Venezuela and Guyana.
Australia.
Congo.
Angola.
Guinea.
Sierra Leone.
Russia.